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An impact driver looks like a compact drill but works differently. Instead of steady rotation, it delivers rapid rotational blows (measured in impacts per minute, or IPM) that let it drive fasteners without the wrist strain of a drill. The hex collet accepts 1/4-inch hex bits only, so it's a fastening specialist, not a hole-boring tool. This page covers current models from eight brands, with specs from manufacturer data sheets and prices checked in April 2026.
An impact driver uses a spring-loaded hammer and anvil mechanism inside the housing. When resistance exceeds a threshold, the hammer disengages from the anvil, spins, and slams back into it. This happens thousands of times per minute.
The result is high torque output (1,500 to 2,200 in-lbs on current models) in a package that's lighter and shorter than a drill/driver. You don't need to push hard or grip tight because the impacts do the work.
Every impact driver uses a 1/4-inch hex collet instead of a keyed or keyless chuck. Bit changes take one hand and one second. The tradeoff: you can't use round-shank drill bits without a hex adapter.
We break down specs, prices, and trade-offs in our best impact drivers guide.
Peak rotational force. 1,500 in-lbs handles residential work. 1,800+ covers framing and hardwood. Numbers above 2,000 are for sustained professional use.
How fast the impact mechanism strikes. Higher IPM drives fasteners faster. Milwaukee leads at 4,300 IPM; most others sit between 3,000 and 3,800.
Two speeds cover most tasks. Three or four speeds add finesse for drywall, cabinetry, and mixed-material jobs where overtorquing is a problem.
Most cordless impact drivers weigh 1.8 to 2.2 lbs bare. Every 0.2 lbs matters on overhead work and long fastening runs.
A drill/driver uses steady rotation and is built for boring holes and light fastening. An impact driver adds concussive blows for higher torque in a smaller package. If you drive a lot of screws, deck fasteners, or lag bolts, the impact driver is faster and easier on your wrist. For drilling holes, you still need a drill.
1,500 in-lbs handles drywall, trim, and light deck work. 1,800 in-lbs covers most residential framing. 2,000+ in-lbs is for hardwood, structural fastening, and all-day professional use. More torque than you need just means you'll use the lower speed settings more often.
Only with hex-shank drill bits. Standard round-shank bits won't fit the 1/4-inch hex collet. Hex drill bits exist and work fine for small holes (up to about 3/8 inch), but for anything larger you want a real drill with a chuck.
Standard impact drivers are loud, typically 90 to 100 dB. Milwaukee's FUEL Surge (2760-20) uses a hydraulic drive that runs about 50% quieter. If you work indoors regularly, it's worth the price premium. Otherwise, wear hearing protection.